About Lebanon:
Lebanon’s diverse patchwork of Mediterranean-lapped coast, rugged alpine peaks, and fertile green valleys are packed into a parcel of land some 225km long and 46km wide – an area approximately the size of Cyprus or Connecticut.
An ancient land, Lebanon features in the writings of Homer and the Old Testament. Its cities were major outposts and seaports in Phoenician and Roman times, just two of the great civilizations that touched this important Middle Eastern crossroads. The cosmopolitan flair of modern-day Beirut, the gastronomic renown of the country’s food and wine, and an educated and outward-looking population complement a country that is both traditional and progressive in outlook.
Lebanon is a well-kept tourist secret that begs exploration for all the flavors of its storied past and rugged natural beauty. There are four main geographic regions in Lebanon, differentiated by topography and climate. They include the coastal plain, the Mount Lebanon Range, the Békaa Valley, and the Anti-Lebanon Range from west to east.
The Anti-Lebanon Range is a stretch of arid mountains that rise to the east of the Békaa Valley and form part of the country’s eastern border with Syria. The Békaa Valley, known in ancient times as “the breadbasket” or “granary” of the Roman Empire, is still the country’s central agricultural region. Located on a high plateau between the country’s two mountain ranges, the river-fed Békaa supports the production of tomatoes, potatoes, wheat, olives, and grapes, even despite hot and dry summers.
Besides some of Lebanon’s best wineries (Ksara, Kefraya, Massaya), the Békaa’s major attraction is the ruins at Baalbek. Originating as a place of worship to Baal, the Phoenician Sun God, Baalbek was known in Greco-Roman times as the famous Heliopolis, or “City of the Sun.” Perhaps because of the region’s agricultural importance in feeding the inhabitants of the Roman Empire, some of the most significant Roman temples ever constructed were erected at this site. The construction lasted over 200 years, and the well-preserved temples honor Jupiter, Bacchus, and Venus.
The Mediterranean Sea frames the beautiful Lebanese coast to the west and the Mount Lebanon Range to the east, its temperate climate bringing in sunny, hot summers and cool, rainy winters. The daytime temperature in the summer, which averages 30°C (86°F), encourages people to head to the beach or the higher, altitude-cooled mountain slopes.
In the coastal cities of Saida (Sidon) and Jbail (Byblos), tourists can enjoy the rare opportunity to snorkel amongst long-submerged Phoenician ruins, while excellent hiking is a mere hour away in the Chouf region of the Mount Lebanon Range.
The Mount Lebanon Range includes numerous rivers that fizz with snowmelt, steep-walled gullies that shade grottoes once the hideout to those fleeing persecution, and Lebanon’s highest summit, Qornet Es-Saouda (3,090m). The high peaks are blanketed with snow in winter, lending Lebanon its name, Lubnan, the Arabic word for “white.”
Lebanon boasts several world-class ski resorts, one of only a couple of countries in the Middle East where you can ski. The ski season runs from December until April. The Mount Lebanon Range is also the location of Lebanon’s Cedar Reserves. The great cedar forests of Lebanon, now protected, are famous for their use in constructing some of the holiest buildings in the region, indeed the world, including Jerusalem’s Dome of the Rock and Solomon’s Temple.
To visit Lebanon is to dispel preconceived notions that linger from a relatively short moment in a long, vivid, and fascinating history: drink in the energetic, urbane vibe of revitalized Beirut; explore a diverse and beautiful landscape that lends itself easily to an unforgettable (and largely untrammeled) multi-sport adventure; marvel at archaeological wonders that are windows into the cradle of civilization; and enjoy the welcome of a people who are naturally hospitable, friendly, and gregarious.
